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K. ZIPERNOWSKY & M. DERI.

DYNAMO ELEGTRG MACHINE. No. 284,llO. Patented Aug. 28, 1883..

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(No Model.) 3 Sheets-Sheet K. ZIPBRNOWSKY e M. DB'RL y DYNAMC ELECTRICMACHINE. No. 284,110. Patented Aug. 28, 1883.

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DYNAMO ELECTRIC MACHINE.

N0. 284,110. Patented Aug. 28, 1883..`

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UNITED STATES KARL ZIPERNOVSKY AND PATENT OFFICE.'

MAXIMILIAN DERI, or EUDA-rEsfrH, AUSTRIA- HUNGARY.

DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACl-IINE.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 284,110, dated August28, 1883.

Application filed November 23, 1882.

To all whom it may concern..-

Be it known that we, KARL ZIPERNowsKY and MAXIMILIAN DERI, subjects ofthe E1nperor of Austria-Hungary, residing at the city of Buda-Pesth,Empire of Austria-Hungary, have invented certain new and usefulImprovements in Dynamo-Electric Machines, of which the fbllowing is aspecification.

This invention relates to au electrical machine combining the functionsot' a dynamomachine and a machine with alternating currents, since itgenerates alternating currents, and is so arranged as to be able tosupply its inducing electro-magnets from its own current. Its object isby special methods to excite its own electro-Inagnets, according torequirements, with continuons or intermittently weaker currents flowingin the same direction, and by a peculiarly solid and effectiveconstruction of the induction apparatus, in which the currents aregenerated, and by a secure attachment of its several component parts tofurnish a reliable and durable current-producer, which can be adoptedfor the various requirements of electric lighting. III order to furtherattain an entire security in the working, especially when incandescentlamps are introduced into the Inain circuit in parallel arc, a newmanner of exciting the electro-y magnets by means of differentialexcitement is applied, which allows the energy of the current to beautomatically 'increased in exactly or proximately that degree asthevarying number of incandescent lamps require.

It is also to be noticed in this invention that the working-current,which is at times very powerful, is led off from fixed lamps to thefield-magnets without commutation, and that by the use of twocommutators and two sets of helices around the field-magnets only thecurrents of one polarity are sent intermittingly through a shunt roundthe field-magnets,while the currents of the opposite polarity areshortcireuited in the commutator. The Inain or working current alwaysremains an altern ating one.

III the drawings, Figure l is a vertical central section of the machine.Fig. 2 is an end view thereof, partly in section. Fig. 3 is a plan viewof an induction-bobbin, parts being broken away. Fig. 4 is a verticallongitudi- (No model.)

nal section of the same. The remaining iigures are details, which willbe hereinafter referred to.

Similar letters indicate correspondingparts.

The electro-magnets are prismatic iron cores placed radially upon theaxle, and wound about with copper wire, as shown in Figs. l and 2,sodthat the space between the cores is most advantageously utilized.rlhe iron cores are re-enforced with the polar plates p, and arefastened to the prismatic hub a by means of screws passing from withoutthrough the polar `plates and through the whole body of the core, andare furthermore laterally strengthened and held by metal disks s, whichdisks are perforated or broken through for the admission of ventilatingair and the prevention of Foucault currents, (currents generated byreason of proximity to a magnet.) The electro-magnets form, inconnect-ion with the axle w, a rigid system, which may be rotated bymeans of the pulley t. The wire windings of the electro-magnets areconnected behind or next to one another in a continuous series in such amanner that north and south poles must alternately be formed. An evennumber of magnetic poles is consequently necessary, while the number ofinduction-Dobbins, on the contrary, may be odd, without disturbing the'production of utilizable alternating currents.

It is best, if the space permits, to take the number oi"induction-bobbins equal to that of the magnetic poles, or, if twocurrent-circuits are to be separately led off, twice as great as thenumber of the latter. The alternation of current is, however, governedby the number of magnetic poles. rlhe induction -cylinder-that is, thatpart of the machine in which the alternating working-currents aregenerated-is constructed as follows:

Fig. 3 shows the core of an induction-bobbin. It consists of a cast ironplate, a, curved to form the segment of a circle, so that a number ofthem may be fitted together tol form the cylinder surrounding thefield-magnets. On this plate are cast thin ribs a3, projecting inwardly,running across the plate, and connected to each other only through theircommon base-plate, a. Plate a and its ribs are able to rapidly changetheir magnetic condition by reason of their peculiar form and carefulIOO annealing. The larger spaces between the ribs are filled with woodenblock s or cushions 71., for the purpose of fastening. To form thesecores into bobbins, perforated sheet-metal plates or strips b b4 b5 arescrewedonto the faces over the ribs @extending beyond them, and betweenthe projecting edges of these plates b If* b5 and plate a theceiling-space is formed, so that the wire is thus coiled round the ribsand between the projecting edges ofthe upper plate and the lowerinterrupted plates,` aslshown in plan in Fig. `3 and in section in Fig.4. These plates b b* b5 consist of strips separated from each other, inorder not to form a continuous conductor, so that no currents can beinduced in them, and these plates are attached to the bobbin-cores, asalso to the wooden blocks k, wedged in between the bobbins, thusguarding against vibrations, which would otherwise cause an undesirablenoise of the machine. The bobbins are either wound about with insulatedcopper wire, or oblong stamped copper plates o, slit openat one part,(the same being shown in Fig. 7 in plan view and end view,) are passedover the same, and the plates soldered together at the ends, so as toform a spiral continuous conductor, the separate plates being insulatedfrom one another by asbestus or other paper.A A suitable number of thesebobbins is formed into a drum or cylinder, and their conductors arecombined, either in succession (diagram Fig. 5) or in parallel series,(diagram Fig. 6,) so as to form one or more circuits. After theinduction-cylinder has been securely enveloped in paper, a series ofwooden rings, r, arev placed upon it, these rings r corresponding withthe wooden cushions of the bobbin-core, and similar wooden rings, r, areplaced around the edges ofthe induction-cylinder. The intervals clbetween the wooden rings r are filled out either with peripherally-woundthin iron wires or with thin iron rings magnetically insulated andhaving their narrow edges set uppermost. The induction-cylinder is thenfastened to the frame L of the machine by means of traverses T, towhiehthe wooden cushions h are fastened by screws passing through thewooden rings r, thus hindering the deformation and peripheraldisplacement of the cylinder or of the several bobbins. It -is to benoticed that the cast-iron core of the induction-bobbin is not anindis-v pensable part'of the same, but is only intended to increase theinductive effect.. Said core can be made of wood, porcelain, and otherindifferentbodiesu The arrangement of the current-exciting andcurrent-conducting partsA is as follows: The alternating current,arising in the inductioncylinder, branches off on leaving thecontactscrews c a2, Fig. 10, passing into the resistances 102 and to thebrushes b b2, from whence it can reach the electro-magnet coils by meansofthe commutator. (Shown in Fig. 8 in vertical central section, intransverse section, andk in plan -view developed on a plane.) Thedrawings show the combination of the parts of thek commutator. Thesectors sf and s2 at the periphery of the commutatorv are at the sidesalternately combined with the rings r r2,- while the smallerintermediate sectors, s, remaininsulated from both. These latter sectorsare alternately either screwed to the ringshaped insulated pieces u andu, or the central ring-shaped piece, u2, and every sector (s s` and s2s2) is connected to form a conductor; but the diainetrically oppositesectors are separated or insulated from one another. The intermediatesectors, si, thus break the contact between the brushes andelectro-magnet coils at the moment when the change of current takesplace in the machine. The remaining sectors, s s2, whose numbercorresponds to the number of the magnetic poles, change the contact withthe diametrically-placed brushes b b2, so that the branch current mustturn in the same direction. rlhe resistances of the electro-magnet coilsare so chosen that the strength of thel shunted currents passing in thesame direction corrresponds to the desired magnetization.

A modiiied mannerof arrangement is shown in Fig. 11. In this case'theobject is to shunt the magnetizing-current, which is to iiow in onedirection only in a portion of the circuit between a connecting-screwand the workng-resistances, -without hindering the further course of thealternating current. The alternating current passes from theconnectinghaving the opposite direction, on the other hand, are led onin short circuit through connected parts ofthe commutator withoutreaching the electro-magnet wire. In the commutator, short circuit andinterruption change as often as the direction of current in the machine.By the application of two current-circuits, which are alternately andseverally shunted, a continuous magnetization can alsobe accomplished.

The construction of the commutator is seen in Fig. 9. The commutator is,in the direction of its width, divided into three parts, of which themiddle one contains as many insulated sectors 8 s2 as there are magneticpoles, while the other parts form unbroken contact-rings r2. A brush, b,rubs against one of the rings r or rfi-that is, against one end of theelectro-magnet coil, while the other brush, b2, must alternately touchthe sectors s and $2- that is, first one and then the other end of thecoil. Consequently lthe current between the contact-brushes is at onetime on short circuit, and then it is sent through the coil of theelectro-magnets. The branch current, and with it the magnetic intensityof the poles, can be reg- IOO IIO

ulated by means of the changeable resistance w; or, to utilize theenergy ofthe current more economically, a constant utilizable resistancemay be put in place of the resistance w.

The two manners of arrangement just described may also be combined in amachine for the purpose of thereby accomplishing al1 automaticregulation of intensity of the current. This method is especiallyadapted to the case where the machine has to furnish lights on parallelare. As seen in Fig. 12, the electromagnet is wound about with twoinsulated coils, U and U2, each coil respectively connected with thecommutator c and 02. The commutator ci' allows the alternating currentfrom. coil U'l to periodically pass through it on short circuit, saidcomunita-toi.' being in contact with brushes Z/ bt in the manner shownin Fig. 9. From this commutator ci also passes a weaker shuntcu rrent,which, flowing through the conductor e, forms a eircuitwith thelampresistances. This current passes through conductors j" and g,through the induction-bobbins b, connected together by wire o, andthence through the con'lmutator c, which commutator is also in contactwith brushes b b4. The line c fr indicates the axial line about whichthe commutators and electro -magnets revolve. The letter at designatesthe lamps. The cur- 'rent flowing through the commutator c passes inuniform direction into the thin coil U of the electro magnets. Thecurrents flowing through the coils U U2 have always opposite directions;consequently only the difference of the two currents is effective inexciting the electro-magnets; but since, by increasing the resistance inthe outer circuit, (i. e., by cutting off certain lamps,) the strongerofthe two currents will be weakened, while the weaker one will bestrengthened, the magnetic intensity of the poles will consequentlyincrease or decrease in the same proportion as the number of lamps inthe circuit increases or decreases. This method of regulation can alsobe effected if the magnetizing-coil Ul receives a constant current froman exterior source-for instance, from a d ynanio-machine while theshunt-current in the counter-coil U, which receives a uniform directionthrough the commutator c, serves for weakening, and consequentlyregulating, the magnetic intensity. In all cases where the magneticexcitement is to proceed from without, the commutators, Figs. S and 9,are so constructed that by means of suitable copperbrushcs a current canbe led to the electro-magnets from without through the eontact-rings 1'/fr'".

IVhat we claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

1. A seetorbobbin consisting of the segmental plate n, having theprojecting ribs thereon, provided with the two or more interruptedplates b b4 b5, and surrounded by a conductor, substantially asdescribed.

2. A'scctor-bobbin composed of a zigzagshaped core, a, provided withwooden blocks 7L, .for the retention of plates Z), said core beingsurrounded by a conductor, substantially as and for the purposedescribed.

3. An induction-cylinder composed of wo0den rings r and conductor oriron wire d, and of sector-bobbinshaving their cores provided withwooden cushions 71 said sector-bobbins being connected to the woodenrings r, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

4. A sector-bobbin having a core, a, provided with wooden blocks h lr,and metal plates b, attached to said cores c and to said wooden blocks hk, thus securely fastening the said plates b, substantially as and forthe purpose set forth.

5. A commutator consisting of rings fr' r2 a u2 a3, sectors s si,communicating with Said rings o" r2 and sectors s, which serves to breakthe circuit between sectors s and si, communicating with said rings aa"7 ai, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

6. In an electric machine, .the combination, with the imluctiou-bobbins,of the 1ield-mag nets provided with a coil, U2, wound in one directionfor the primary current, and a coil, U, wound in the opposite directionfor the regulatino-current, ofthe short-circuitin g commutator et,communicating with coil U2 and commutator c, communicating with coil L",whereby a current of one polarity only is sent from commutator c'l andan alternating cur rent from commutator c', and whereby t-hc intensityof the current is automatically regulated.

7. In an electric machine, the combination, with the coils of theinductionnlmbbin, of the field-magnets providedavith a coil, U2, woundin one direction for the primary current, and avcoil, U, wound intheopposite direction for the regulating-current, of the short-eircuitingcommutator (.2, communicating with coil U2, and commutator c,communicating with coil U, whereby a current of one polarity only issent from commutator 0* through the coils of the inductiolrbobbins, andfrom commutator c a continuous current, and whereby the intensity of thecurrent is automatically regulated.

In testimony whereof we have signed our names to this specification inthe presence of two subscribing witnesses.

KARL ZIPERNOIVSKY. MAXIMILIAN DEFI.

Titnessesz ZILLI ZYPENTEUL, HENRY STERNE.

